Beaty Richard D., Kerber Jack D. Concepts, Instrumentation and Techniques in Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

PerkinElmer Instruments, 1988. — vii, 85 p.Theoretical Concepts and Definitions
The Atom and Atomic Spectroscopy
Atomic Absorption Process
Quantitative Analysis by Atomic Absorption
Characteristic Concentration and Detection Limits
Characteristic Concentration
Detection Limits
Atomic Absorption Instrumentation
The Basic Components
AA Light Sources
The Hollow Cathode Lamp
The Electrodeless Discharge Lamp
Optical Considerations
Photometers
Single-beam Photometers
Double-beam Photometers
Alternative Photometer Designs
Optics and the Monochromator System
The Atomic Absorption Atomizer
Pre-mix Burner System
Impact Devices
Nebulizers, Burner Heads and Mounting Systems
Electronics
Precision in Atomic Absorption Measurements
Calibration of the Spectrometer
Automation of Atomic Absorption
Automated Instruments and Sample Changers
Automated Sample Preparation
The Stand-alone Computer and Atomic Absorption
Control of Analytical Interferences
The Flame Process
Nonspectral Interferences
Matrix Interference
Method of Standard Additions
Chemical Interference
Control of Analytical Interferences (continued)
Ionization Interference
Spectral Interferences
Background Absorption
Continuum Source Background Correction
Introduction to Zeeman Background Correction
Other Spectral Interferences
Interference Summary
High Sensitivity Sampling Systems
Limitations to Flame A A Sensitivity
The Cold Vapor Mercury Technique
Principle
Advantages of the Cold Vapor Technique
Limitations of the Cold Vapor Technique
The Hydride Generation Technique
Principle
Advantages of the Hydride Technique
Disadvantages of the Hydride Technique
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption
Principle
Advantages of the Graphite Furnace Technique
Introduction to Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption
Considerations in Ultra Trace Analysis
Performance Criteria
Graphite Furnace Applications
Components of the Graphite Furnace System
The Graphite Furnace Atomizer
The Graphite Furnace Power Supply and Programmer
Summary of a Graphite Furnace Analysis
Sample Size
The Drying Step
The Pyrolysis Step
The Pre-atomization Cool Down Step
The Atomization Step
The Clean Out and Cool Down Step
Fast Furnace Analysis
Introduction to Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption (continued)
Measuring the Graphite Furnace AA Signal
Nature of the Graphite Furnace Signal
Peak Height Measurement
Peak Area Measurement
Solid Sampling With the Graphite Furnace
Control of Graphite Furnace Interferences
Interferences and the Graphite Furnace
Spectral Interferences
Emission Interference
Background Absorption
Background Reduction Techniques
Automated Instrumental Background Correction
Interpolated Background Correction
Nonspectral Interferences
Definition
Method of Standard Additions
The Graphite Tube Surface
The L'vov Platform
Matrix Modification
Maximum Power Atomization
Peak Area Measurement
Fast Electronics and Baseline Offset Correction
Stabilized Temperature Platform Furnace
The Goals
The STPF System
Alternate Analytical Techniques
Direct Current Plasma (DCP) Emission
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Emission
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)